Common Educational Supports for Students With Disabilities
Asthma and/or Cystic Fibrosis, Diabetes, Epilepsy, Psychological Disabilities, Significant Health / Medical Disabilities and Speech and Language Disability.
Students with any of the above disabilities may require one, or a combination, of the supports listed in this section.
Before starting college/university
Students with disabilities should check before the beginning of the academic year to find out what disability supports will be available to them.
EDUCATIONAL SUPPORTS FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES.
Students must bear in mind that to avail themselves of any of the supports listed below, they will have to negotiate for them with the lecturers, tutors or the Disability/Access Officer in the college/university.
Common educational supports include:
- Priority registration: students with disabilities may be allowed to register at an earlier time to general registration each academic year.
- Recording of lectures on audio-tape: lectures are recorded on audio-tape and later used by the students to take notes or transcribe.
- Transcription of recorded audio-tape of lecture: arrangements are made to transcribe the lecture into text.
- Copies of lecturer's notes and/or overheads: students may ask lecturers for their notes and overheads. Some students ask for these before the lecture is delivered so that they can follow the lecture more easily. It is important to note that some lecturers speak from notes that are meaningless to anyone but themselves, whilst some may not use notes at all. Others may be unwilling for their own reasons, good or otherwise, to let anyone see their notes. Students must be prepared for these situations.
- Notetaker: a classmate may be employed to take notes for a student who has a difficulty in writing, or a classmate may offer to make carbon copies of her or his notes for the student.
- Time extension on out-of-lecture assignments: on essays, fieldwork, projects etc.. In obtaining time extensions, students should avoid the accumulation of assignments.
- Materials in alternative formats: students may be able to access notes on the internet or via e-mail.
- Word-processing facilities: most colleges will provide access for students with disabilities to word-processing facilities. Students may receive priority in queuing for use of a word-processor. Some colleges provide word-processing tuition on a one-to-one basis.
- Photocopying Facilities: many colleges provide photocopying facilities free of charge or at a reduced rate to students with disabilities.
- Special Library Arrangements: see chapter on the library.
- Counselling and Medical Service: provided for all students in most third level colleges.
- Study skills courses: many institutions provide courses on study skills for students who feel they need extra help in writing and research techniques, spelling and time-management. Students with disabilities should also consider participating in this very valuable service.
- Examination provisions: see section on examinations below.
EXAMINATIONS
Examinations are central to the academic process and students with disabilities are encouraged to request appropriate supports and arrangements for the examinations at the beginning of each academic year. It is the responsibility of candidates with disabilities to apply well in advance to the appropriate college authority (Disability/Access Officer or Examination Office) for provision of facilities which best enable them to demonstrate their knowledge of the subject being examined. Candidates must have adequate working practice in any facility which they request to use in the examination. This is to safeguard against delays and errors during the examination.
The following examination facilities may be generally available for candidates with disabilities
- Extra time to complete each examination paper: the amount of extra time candidates may be allowed will depend on her or his individual disability needs. Standard amount of extra time is 10 minutes per hour.
- Dictation to an amanuensis (someone to whom you dictate your examination answers): An amanuensis should have a good working knowledge of the subject matter being examined.
- A Reader: will read and re-read the entire or any part of the examination paper as well as any part of the candidate's text as requested.
- Dictation to audio-tape and later transcribed: the examination answers are recorded for transcription to text.
- Enlarged print to A3 size: this is a common procedure for students who are partially sighted. Examination papers and other relevant documents are enlarged to a readable size.
- Word processing: candidates may request the use of a computer. This must be cleared by the Disability Officer or the Examination Office.
Separate examination rooms and invigilators: this facility may be useful if the student is using assistive technology, or requires extra time, special furniture or aids.
- Availability of a nurse/medical aid: generally available at examination centres for all students.
- Rest Periods: some candidates may require a break(s) during the examination.
- Other Supports: some candidates may have specific requirements that are not known to the college authorities. In such instances, it is the responsibility of the student to inform the Disability Officer and/or the Examination Office of these requirements.
Not all institutions provide all the facilities listed above. However, individual colleges are striving towards best examination practices for candidates with disabilities. Students must check what facilities are provided and negotiate for appropriate supports with the Disability/Access Officer and/or the Examination Office.
Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students
Before starting college/university
Deaf and hard of hearing students should check before the beginning of the academic year to find out what disability supports will be available to them.
Educational supports and facilities generally available
A range of different supports can assist a deaf or hard of hearing student participate in lectures and tutorials. Not all colleges can provide all the supports mentioned below, however, if one or a combination of the supports listed will be useful to you, you should request them from your college. Students must bear in mind that to avail themselves of any of the supports listed below, they will have to negotiate for them with the Disability/Access Officer and/or the lecturers and tutors.
Common educational supports for deaf and hard of hearing students include:
- Priority registration: deaf and hard of hearing students may be allowed to register at an earlier time to general registration each academic year.
- Radio-aid/Loop system: available in many colleges. There is a range of assistive devices available for deaf and hard of hearing students, and if you are not aware of the best device for you, you should make enquiries with the Irish Deaf Society or the National Association for Deaf People.
- Sign-language interpreter: there is a shortage of qualified sign-language interpreters in Ireland, and consequently, some colleges may provide sign-language interpreters for tutorials and selected lectures, while some may not be able to make this provision at all.
- Transcription of audio-recorded lecture: this is a commonly used method whereby the student gets permission to record lectures and arrangements are made to transcribe the audio-tape to text.
- Copies of lecture's notes and/or overheads: students may ask lecturers for their lecture notes and overheads. Some students ask for these before the lecture is delivered so that they can follow the lecture more easily.
It is important to note that some lecturers speak from notes that are meaningless to anyone but themselves, whilst some may not use notes at all. Others may be unwilling for their own reasons, good or otherwise, to let anyone see their notes. Students must be prepared for these situations.
- Notetaker: a classmate may be employed to take notes for hard of hearing students during lectures, or may offer to make carbon copies of her or his notes for the student.
- Time extension on out-of-lecture assignments: on essays, fieldwork, projects etc.. In obtaining time extensions, students should avoid the accumulation of assignments.
- Materials in alternative formats: students may be able to access notes on the internet or via e-mail.
- Word-processing facilities: most colleges will provide access for students with disabilities to word-processing facilities. Students may receive priority in queuing for use of a word-processor. Some colleges provide word-processing tuition on a one-to-one basis to students with disabilities.
- Photocopying Facilities: many colleges provide photocopying facilities free of charge or at a reduced rate to students with disabilities.
- Special Library Arrangements: see section on the library.
- Counselling and Medical Service: provided for all students in most third level colleges in Ireland.
- Study skills courses: many institutions provide courses on study skills for students who feel they need extra help in writing and research techniques, spelling and time-management. Students with disabilities should also consider participating in this very valuable service.
- Signed-video recording of lecture: This is not a common practice in colleges. The sign language interpreter is video-recorded during the lecture, allowing the student to concentrate on the subject instead of trying to take notes. The video can be used later for note-taking purposes.
- Examination provisions: see section on examinations below.
EXAMINATIONS
Examinations are central to the academic process and students with disabilities are encouraged to request appropriate supports and arrangements for the examinations at the beginning of each academic year. It is the responsibility of deaf and hard of hearing students to apply well in advance to the appropriate college authority (Disability/Access Officer or Examination Office) for provision of facilities which best enable them to demonstrate their knowledge of the subject being examined. Candidates must have adequate working practice in any facility which they request to use in the examination. This is to safeguard against delays and errors during the examination.
The following examination facilities may be available for deaf or hard of hearing candidates
- Extra time to complete each examination paper: the amount of extra time candidates may be allowed will depend on her or his individual disability needs. Standard amount of extra time is 10 minutes per hour.
- Word processing: candidates may request the use of a computer. This must be approved by the Disability/Access Officer and/or the Examination Office.
- Separate examination rooms and invigilators: this facility may be useful if the candidate is using assistive technology, or requires extra time, or aids.
- Announcements: it is the responsibility of the supervisory staff in the examination centre to ensure that all announcements are properly interpreted for any partially hearing candidates in the centre.
- Awareness: an by the examiner of the educational disadvantages that a deaf or hard of hearing student experiences.
- Spelling & Grammar Allowance: given by the examiner for poor grammar and spelling due to educational disadvantages that a deaf or hard of hearing student experiences.
- Availability of a nurse/ medical aid: generally available at examination centres for all students.
Other Supports
some candidates may have specific requirements that are not known to the college authorities, in such instances, it is the responsibility of the student to inform the Disability/Access Officer and/or the Examination Office of these requirements.
Many deaf and hard of hearing students feel that sign-language is the most appropriate communication medium to use and that this option should be available to them for examination purposes. However, to-date third level institutions in Ireland have not provided this option at examinations, and there is on-going debate on the matter.
Students may request the facilities listed below, however, they should not expect that they are, or will be made, available to them.
- Video-recorded signed examination: the candidate answers the examination questions through sign which is video-recorded for transcription to text.
- Sign-language interpreter: an interpreter is present to interpret the examination paper.
Not all colleges provide all the facilities listed above. However, individual colleges are striving towards best examination practices for candidates with disabilities. Students must, however, check what facilities are provided and negotiate for appropriate supports with the Disability Officer and/or the Examination Office.
Blind and Partially Sighted Students.
Before starting college/university
Blind and partially sighted students should check before the beginning of the academic year to find out what disability supports will be available to them.
Before starting college/university they should:
- arrange a mobility orientation of the college/university prior to the start of term. They should become familiar with the routes to and from lectures, the canteen, the library, the student union offices, etc.
- arrange to meet the Disability Liaison Officer for a demonstration of the relevant technology and facilities available.
- check that their own equipment works and, if necessary, that it is compatible with the technology used in the college.
Educational supports and facilities generally available
Research by AHEAD shows that provisions for blind and partially sighted students are relatively well advanced in colleges of higher education in Ireland. A range of different supports can assist a blind or partially sighted student participate in lectures and tutorials. However, not all colleges can provide all the supports mentioned below. If one, or a combination, of the supports listed will be useful to you, you should request them from your college. Students must bear in mind that to avail themselves of any of the supports listed below, they will have to negotiate for them with the Disability/Access Officer and/or the lecturers and tutors.
Common educational supports for blind and partially sighted students include
- Priority registration: students with disabilities may be allowed to register early each academic year.
- Braille Service: many of the larger colleges will provide texts in Braille. Students who require texts in Braille should:
- notify the college well in advance of commencing a course.
- provide the access office with a booklist of required texts as soon as possible.
- Assistive Technology: there is a comprehensive range of technical aids that blind and partially sighted students may use, such as Braille n'speak and Braille n' print and voice synthesisers. If you do not already use such aids but feel that they might benefit you, you should inquire at your local Council for the Blind.
- Reader Service: access to course material on audio tape. Some colleges provide a reader service. The required texts are read and recorded onto audio-tape either by volunteers or paid staff.
- Recording of lectures on audio-tape: lectures are recorded on audio-tape and later used by the students to take notes or make Braille transcriptions.
- Copies of lecture notes and overheads: these may be provided on request from the lecturer/tutor, and can be converted to Braille or recorded on tape. It is important to note that some lecturers speak from notes that are meaningless to anyone but themselves, whilst some may not use notes at all. Others may be unwilling for their own reasons, good or otherwise, to let anyone see their notes. Students must be prepared for these situations.
- Enlarged Texts: lecturer's notes and overheads can be enlarged for students with partial sight.
- Time extension on out-of-lecture assignments: on essays, fieldwork, projects etc.. In obtaining time extensions, students should avoid the accumulation of assignments.
- Materials in alternative formats: students may be able to access notes on the internet or via e-mail.
- Word-processing facilities: most colleges will provide access for students with disabilities to word-processing facilities. Students may receive priority in queuing for use of a word-processor. Some colleges provide word-processing tuition on a one-to-one basis to students with disabilities.
- Photocopying Facilities: many colleges provide photocopying facilities free of charge or at a reduced rate to students with disabilities.
- Special Library Arrangements: see chapter on the library.
- Counselling and Medical Service: provided for all students in most colleges/universities.
- Study skills courses: many institutions provide courses on study skills for students who feel they need extra help in writing and research techniques, spelling and time-management. Blind and partially sighted students should also consider participating in this very valuable service.
- Examination provisions: see examinations below.
EXAMINATIONS
Examinations are central to the academic process and students with disabilities are encouraged to request appropriate supports and arrangements for the examinations at the beginning of each academic year. It is the responsibility of candidates with disabilities to apply well in advance to the appropriate college authority (Disability/Access Officer or Examination Office) for provision of facilities which best enable them to demonstrate their knowledge of the subject being examined. Candidates must have adequate working practice in any facility which they request to use in the examination. This is to safeguard against delays and errors during the examination.
The following examination facilities may be available for blind or partially sighted candidates:
- Braille, Braille mate, Braille n'speak, Braille n'print, etc.: there is a wide range of assistive technology available to assist the blind or partially sighted person in reading text. Examination candidates must seek permission to use assistive technology in the examination.
- Speech Synthesiser: examination questions may be transferred to a suitable computer diskette which may then be read through a speech synthesiser. The candidate may use a word processor and printer to respond.
- Closed-circuit Television, CCTV: the examination paper is placed under a monitor and an enlarged version will appear on a television screen.
- Enlarged print to A3 size: examination papers and other relevant documents are enlarged to a readable size.
- Dictation to an amaunsesis (someone to whom you dictate your examination answers): An amanuensis should have a good working knowledge of the subject matter being examined.
- Dictation to audio-tape and later transcribed: the candidate dictates to audio-tape the examination answers which are later transcribed to text by college personnel.
- A Reader: will read and re- read the entire or any part of the examination paper as well as any part of the candidate's text as requested.
- Extra time to complete each examination paper: the amount of extra time candidates may be allowed will depend on her or his individual disability needs. Standard amount of extra time is 10 minutes per hour.
- Separate examination rooms and invigilators: this facility may be useful if the student is using assistive technology, or requires extra time, special furniture or aids.
- Rest Periods: some candidates may require a break(s) during the examination.
- Availability of a nurse/ medical aid: generally available at examination centres for all students.
- Other Supports: some candidates may have specific requirements that are not known to the college/university authorities, in such instances, it is the responsibility of the student to inform the Disability Officer and/or the Examination Office of these requirements.
Not all colleges provide all the facilities listed above. However, individual colleges are striving towards best examination practices for candidates with disabilities. Students must, however, check what facilities are provided and negotiate for appropriate supports with the Disability/Access Officer and/or the Examination Office.
Students with Specific Learning Difficulties (Dyslexia).
Before starting college/university
More and more students with specific learning difficulties are attending courses at third level. It is important that students with specific learning difficulties, who require specific supports, provide documentation supporting their disability. Students who do not have supporting documentation, should present themselves for assessment before commencing third level education. A qualified psychologist will be able to carry out a full psycho-educational assessment and prepare the necessary report for the college authorities. Most colleges will consider applications from students with dyslexia seeking an exemption on a third language requirement. In particular the NUI has a stated policy that the NUI is prepared to consider applications, for an exemption from the third language requirement from students who are certified by a qualified professional as having a serious dyslexic condition. Such applications are considered on an individual basis and may be presented to the University at any stage following completion of the Junior Certificate. Applications must be accompanied by a School Record Form completed by the Head of the School attended and professional certification of the condition. These forms are available from the National University of Ireland.
Educational supports and facilities generally available
If the student with a specific learning difficulty is already in third level but does not have documentation to support her/his disability, s/he should seek advice from the Disability/Access Officer or the college counsellor/psychologist. Students should bear in mind that to avail themselves of any of the supports listed below, they will have to negotiate for them with the Disability/Access Officer and/or lecturers and tutors.
Common educational supports for students with specific learning difficulties include:
- Priority registration: students with disabilities may be allowed to register at an earlier time to general registration each academic year.
- Reader service: some colleges provide a reader service. The required texts are read and recorded onto tape either by volunteers or paid staff.
- Use of audio-tape to record lectures and tutorials: permission to record lectures and tutorials must be sought from the lecturer and tutor.
- Assistive technology: a range of assistive technology packages and devices are available which may be useful to students with specific learning difficulties (dyslexia). These include Quicktionary - a small hand held scanner or Text-HELP a vocabulary support software package which talks, types, checks spellings, corrects mistakes and learns the students style of writing.
- Materials in alternative formats: students may be able to access notes on the internet or via e-mail.
- Word-processing facilities: most colleges will provide access for students with disabilities to word-processing facilities. Students may receive priority in queuing for use of a word-processor. Some colleges provide word-processing tuition on a one-to-one basis.
- Photocopying Facilities: many colleges provide photocopying facilities free of charge or at a reduced rate to students with disabilities.
- Copies of lecturer's notes and/or overheads: students may ask lecturers for their lecture notes and overheads. Some students ask for these before the lecture is delivered so that they can follow the lecture more easily. Howerver, it is important to note that some lecturers speak from notes that are meaningless to anyone but themselves, whilst some may not use notes at all. Others may be unwilling for their own reasons, good or otherwise, to let anyone see their notes. Students must be prepared for these situations.
- Notetaker: a classmate may be employed to take notes for a student who has difficulty writing, or may offer to make carbon copies of her or his notes for the student.
- Time extension on out-of-lecture assignments: on essays, fieldwork, projects etc.. In obtaining time extensions, students should avoid the accumulation of assignments.
- Special Library Arrangements: see section on library.
- Counselling and Medical Services: provided for all students in most colleges/universities.
- Study skills courses: many institutions provide courses on study skills for students who feel they need extra help in writing and research techniques, spelling and time-management. Students with specific learning difficulties should also consider participating in this very valuable service.
- Examination provisions: see examinations below.
EXAMINATIONS
Examinations are central to the academic process and students with disabilities are encouraged to request appropriate supports and arrangements for the examinations at the beginning of each academic year. It is the responsibility of candidates with disabilities to apply well in advance to the appropriate college authority (Disability/Access Officer or Examination Office) for provision of facilities which best enable them to demonstrate their knowledge of the subject being examined. Candidates must have adequate working practice in any facility which they request to use in the examination. This is to safeguard against delays and errors during the examination. The following examination facilities may be available for candidates with specific learning difficulties:
- Extra time to complete each examination paper: the amount of extra time candidates may be allowed will depend on her or his individual disability needs. Extra time is allowed for poor reading and writing speeds and for some editing. Standard amount of extra time is 10 minutes per hour.
- Invigilator/reader: The availability of an invigilator or other suitable person to read the examination paper to the student.
- Use of a word processor/typewriter: this must be passed by the Examination Office.
- Transcription of examination script by a person with legible handwriting or who can type.
- Dictation to an amaunsesis (someone to whom you dictate your examination answers): S/he should have a good working knowledge of the subject matter being examined.
- Impact of impairment awareness: the examiner is aware of the educational disadvantages experienced by students with a specific learning disability.
- Spelling and grammer allowance: this is given by the examiner to accommodate for the educational disadvantages experienced by students with a specific learning disability resulting in poor grammar and spelling.
- Supplementary interview: to allow for clarification of the content of examination manuscripts.
- Availability of a nurse/medical aid: generally available at examination centres for all students.
- Other Supports: some candidates may have specific requirements that are not known to the college/university authorities, in such instances, it is the responsibility of the student to inform the Disability/Access Officer and/or the Examination Office of these requirements.
Not all colleges provide all the facilities listed above. However, individual colleges are striving towards best examination practices for candidates with disabilities. Students must, however, check with the Disability/Access Officer and/or the Examination Office what facilities are provided and negotiate for appropriate supports.
Students with Physical Disabilities
Before starting college/university.
Students who require wheelchair access should make direct contact with the college(s) of their choice to check how accessible the buildings are, and to give the college an opportunity to make the necessary modifications in time. Few, if any, of the Irish colleges are fully wheelchair accessible but efforts are being made by individual colleges to address this problem. It is useful to visit the college/university before the start of term for mobility orientation, as the first weeks on-campus are crowded and can be extremely disorienting for some students.
Accessible transport service.
Students with physical disabilities who require accessible transport to and from college should contact VANTASTIC, a fully accessible transport service to people with disabilities. To-date it has been mainly a Dublin based service, but it is now branching out to other parts of the country. For more information on this service contact VANTASTIC at 01-8304926 or 087-569628.
Educational supports and facilities generally available.
Students must bear in mind that to avail themselves of any of the supports listed below, they will have to negotiate for them with the lecturers, tutors or the Disability/Access Officer.
Common educational supports for students with physical disabilities include:
- Priority registration: students with disabilities may be allowed to register at an earlier time to general registration each academic year.
- Personal Assistant (P.A.): some colleges provide personal assistants for students who require assistance during the day. However, most students who require the service of a P.A. personally employ her or him.
- Reader Service: some colleges provide a reader service. The required texts are read and recorded onto tape either by volunteers or paid staff.
- Recording of lectures on audio-tape: lectures are recorded on audio-tape and later used by the students to take notes or transcribe.
- Transcription of audio-tape of lecture: arrangements are made to transcribe the lecture into text.
- Copies of lecture's notes and/or overheads: students may ask lecturers for their notes and overheads. Some students ask for these before the lecture is delivered so that they can follow the lecture more easily.
It is important to note that some lecturers speak from notes that are meaningless to anyone but themselves, whilst some may not use notes at all. Others may be unwilling for their own reasons, good or otherwise, to let anyone see their notes. Students must be prepared for these situations.
- Notetaker: a classmate may be employed to take notes for a student who has difficulty writing, or may offer to make carbon copies of her or his notes for the student.
- Time extension on out-of-lecture assignments: on essays, fieldwork, projects etc. In obtaining time extensions, students should avoid the accumulation of assignments.
- Materials in alternative formats: students may be able to access notes on the internet or via e-mail.
- Word-processing facilities: most colleges will provide students with disabilities access to word-processing facilities. Students may receive priority in queuing for use of a word-processor. Some colleges provide word-processing tuition on a one-to-one basis.
- Photocopying Facilities: many colleges provide photocopying facilities free of charge or at a reduced rate to students with disabilities.
- Special Library Arrangements: see chapter on the library.
- Counselling and Medical Service: provided for all students in most colleges/universities.
- Study skills courses: many institutions provide courses on study skills for students who feel they need extra help in writing and research techniques, spelling and time-management. Students with disabilities should also consider participating in this very valuable service.
EXAMINATIONS.
Examinations are central to the academic process and students with disabilities are encouraged to request appropriate supports and arrangements for the examinations at the beginning of each academic year. It is the responsibility of candidates with disabilities to apply well in advance to the appropriate college authority (Disability/Access Officer or Examination Office) for provision of facilities which best enable them to demonstrate their knowledge of the subject being examined. Candidates must have adequate working practice of any facility which they request to use in the examination. This is to safeguard against delays and errors during the examination. The following examination facilities may be available for candidates with physical disabilities:
- Extra time to complete each examination paper: the amount of extra time candidates may be allowed will depend on her or his individual disability needs. Standard amount of extra time is 10 minutes per hour.
- Separate examination rooms and invigilators: this facility may be useful if the student is using assistive technology, or requires extra time, special furniture or aids.
- Rest Periods: some candidates may require a break(s) during the examination.
- Dictation to an amaunsesis: (someone to whom you dictate your examination answers). An amaunsesis may be used if a mobility impairment affects the candidate's ability to write the examination. An amaunsesis should have a good working knowledge of the subject matter being examined.
- Dictation to audio-tape and later transcribed: the candidate dictates to audio-tape the examination answers which are later transcribed to text by college personnel.
- A Reader: will read and re-read the entire or any part of the examination paper as well as any part of the candidate's text as requested.
- Personal Assistant: a student may require the assistance of a P.A. during the examination, however, the P.A. will be available only to assist with personal functions. However, if approved by the college/university authorities, the P.A. may also act as an amanuensis.
- Chair supports: for students who have difficulties in sitting for long periods.
- Chest-high desk: particularly useful for students who use wheelchairs. A chest high desk provides comfortable desk space for the examination as the student does not have to reach over the desk.
- Architect-type table: for students who have difficulty sitting in a conventional manner at a desk.
- Good circulation space: students using a wheelchair will need a clear space around them, allowing freedom to move without disrupting others.
- Couch/bed: a student may have back problems and may therefore need to rest at different periods throughout the examination.
- Availability of nurse/medical aid: generally available at examination centres for all students.
- Other: some candidates may have specific requirements that are not known to the college/university authorities, in such instances, it is the responsibility of the student to inform the Disability/Access Officer and/or the Examination Office of these requirements.
Not all colleges provide all the facilities listed above. However, individual colleges are striving towards best examination practices for candidates with disabilities. Students must, however, check with the Disability/Access Officer and/or the Examination Office what facilities are provided and negotiate for appropriate supports.